In the waning days of 2020, with little advance warning and similarly little fanfare, Congress enacted a landmark slate of healthcare transparency legislation. More than 2,200 pages in total, the CAA 2021 included a host of important healthcare reforms, promising to curtail surprise medical bills, improve access to mental health and substance use disorder benefits, empower individuals to shop for better prices for medical services, and ban “gag clauses” that prevent employers from accessing the